Brain teratoma in a free-ranging mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) - case report / [Teratoma cerebral em um pato-real (Anas platyrhynchos) de vida livre - relato de caso]

Teratoma is a rare neoplasia with differentiation in two or three germ cell lines. Intracranial teratoma in birds has rarely been reported, especially affecting the brain. This is the first report of a brain teratoma in a mallard with neurological clinical signs. The neoplasm was characterized as a mature brain teratoma, extending from the cerebellum to the brainstem, and with one nodule in the cortex.(AU)

O teratoma é uma neoplasia rara, com diferenciação em duas ou três linhagens de células germinativas. Teratomas intracranianos, em aves, são raramente relatados, principalmente, com localização cerebral. Este é o primeiro relato de teratoma cerebral em um pato-real com sinais clínicos neurológicos. A neoplasia foi caracterizada como um teratoma cerebral maduro, estendendo do cerebelo ao tronco encefálico e com um nódulo no córtex.(AU)

Coleta de sêmen em Leopardus guttulus pelo método do cateterismo uretral / Leopardus guttulus semen collection using urethral catheter method

Considerando a realidade conservacionista dos animais mantidos em cativeiro, em especial os pequenos felídeos silvestres, objetivou-se, com este estudo, descrever o método de coleta de sêmen por cateterismo uretral em Leopardus guttulus cativos, anestesiados com cetamina-dexmedetomidina. Inicialmente foram utilizados 13 animais para coleta de sêmen por cateterismo mediante o uso de diferentes doses de cetamina-dexmedetomidina. Após determinação da dose anestésica ideal para coleta de sêmen nessa espécie, cinco L. guttulus machos foram submetidos a coletas seriadas de sêmen pelo método do cateterismo. A dose ideal para coleta de sêmen foi de 0,008mg/kg de dexmedetomidina e 10mg/kg de cetamina. Os valores médios para volume e concentração foram de 35,9µL e 552,8x106sptz/mL. Com média de 71% de motilidade e 3,1 de vigor, 68% dos espermatozoides apresentaram vitalidade (integridade de membrana) e 77% integridade acrossomal. Sobre as patologias espermáticas, obteve-se uma média de 28% de espermatozoides com defeitos maiores, 6% com defeitos menores e 67% normais. As vantagens do método, como a facilidade e o baixo custo, fazem recomendar sua utilização em L. guttulus, pois foram apresentados bons resultados quanto à concentração espermática, à motilidade, ao vigor, à viabilidade espermática e à integridade acrossomal, sendo uma técnica promissora para utilização em felinos selvagens.(AU)

Considering the conservationist reality of animals kept in captivity, especially the small wild felids, this study aimed to describe the semen collection method using urethral catheterization in captive Leopardus guttulus, anesthetized with ketamine-dexmedetomidine. Initially, 13 animals were used for semen collection using catheterization with different ketamine-dexmedetomidine doses. After determination of the best anesthetic dose for semen collection in this species, five male L. guttulus were submitted to serial semen collections using the catheter method. The dose for semen collection was 0.008mg/kg dexmedetomidine and 10mg/kg ketamine. The mean values for volume and concentration were 35.9µL and 552.8x106sptz/mL, with a mean of 71% motility, 3.1 vigor, and 68% of spermatozoa presented vitality and 77% presented acrosomal integrity. Sperm pathologies obtained an average of 28% of spermatozoa with major defects, 6% of spermatozoa with minor defects and 67% of normal spermatozoa. The method advantages such as ease and low cost lead us to recommend the use in L. guttulus, since it presented good results regarding sperm concentration, motility, vigor, sperm viability and acrosomal integrity, being a promising technique for use in wild cats.(AU)

Tumor carcinoide na vesícula biliar em cão / Carcinoid gallbladder tumor in a dog

Carcinoid is a neoplasia that arises from dispersed cells of the neuroendocrine system. This tumor is uncommon in animals, and its occurrence in the gallbladder is rare. A male Basset Hound dog's corpse was taken to the Univerdade Federal de Minas Gerais to be analyzed by the Veterinary Pathology sector, without a description of its previous history. Necropsy revealed the presence of pale oral, ocular and penile mucous membranes. The gallbladder had a thickened wall and a dilated lumen, which was filled with dark and lumpy bile. Its mucosa had a whitish-red nodule, with solid and friable areas. Microscopically, there was a focal neoplastic proliferation, which wasn't encapsulated and had imprecise limits, which cells were distributed in a solid pattern and separated by a delicate fibrovascular stroma. The neoplastic cells presented oval or round shaped nucleus, which had a chromatin predominantly loose, and one or two nucleoli. Their cytoplasm was moderately abundant, and in most of the cells it was eosinophilic, granular, and had well-defined limits. Using the Grimelius coloration, neoplastic cells' cytoplasmic granules stained brownish or black, confirming the neuroendocrine origin of the neoplasia. Based on the macroscopic and microscopic findings, the diagnosis of a gallbladder carcinoid was established.(AU)

The sperm of Hylodinae species (Anura, Leptodactylidae): ultrastructural characteristics and their relevance to interspecific taxonomic relationships.

Hylodinae leptodactylids (sensu Lynch 1971) form a group of diurnal frogs, which is hypothesized on the basis of morphological traits to be the closest relatives of the dendrobatid frogs. Our study describes ultrastructural characteristics of sperm from three hylodine species (Hylodes phyllodes, Crossodactylus sp. n. and Megaelosia massarti) to reassess the intergeneric relationships within the Hylodinae, as well as the supposed relationship between the Hylodinae and Dendrobatidae. The ultrastructure of the sperm is very similar among the three species and is indicative of its conserved nature within the Hylodinae. The structure of the acrosomal complex was very similar to that of other leptodactylid species, to most of the remaining species included in the Bufonoidea lineage, and also to that observed in the dendrobatid species examined so far. Since such a structure has been considered a plesiomorphic trait, it contributes little to our understanding of the relationships between the Hylodinae and Dendrobatidae. The flagellar apparatus of Crossodactylus sp. n. is very similar to that of most leptodactylids. The sperm of Megaelosia massarti and Hylodes phyllodes display a distinctive condition in their axial and juxtaxonemal fibers. This distinctive flagellar condition expands the already known variability in sperm structure within the Leptodactylidae.

Prueba de Elisa en deposición para detectar infección por helicobacter pylori / An Elisa stool test to detect helicobacter pylori infection

Background: Infection with Helicobacter pylori is frequent in Chile, and a good test for its diagnosis ideally should be non-invasive, fast, easy and inexpensive. Aim: To report the use of an immunoassay test, that detects antigens of Helicobacter pylori in stools. Material and methods: One hundred and four patients that required an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were studied. Stool samples were analyzed using an enzymatic immunoassay. These results were compared with those obtained with the urease test and microscopic examination of smears taken from biopsies obtained during the diagnostic endoscopy. Results: In 81 of 83 patients considered to have the infection according to the endoscopic tests, the antigen was also present in the stools. The test was negative in 16 of 21 patients considered to be without the infection. The resulting sensitivity and specificity for the immunoassay was thus 97.6 and 76.2 percent respectively, with positive and negative predictive values of 92.4 and 88.9 percent, respectively. Conclusions: These results are in agreement with those reported in the literature. Further studies are needed to define its usefulness in massive screening, follow up after antibiotic treatments or the detection of coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori

An ultrastructural study of spermiogenesis in three species of Physalaemus (Anura, Leptodactylidae)

Ultrastructural aspects of spermiogenesis and testicular spermatozoa of three anuran amphibians, Physalaemus biligonigerus, P. fuscomaculatus and P. gracilis, were investigated by electron microscopy. The nuclei, middle pieces and tails of the three species were similar. In all cases, the nuclei were elongated and the acrosome consisted of a cone-shaped cap. The connecting pieces located in the flagellum implantation zone had transverse striations. The tails had a 9 + 2 axial filament pattern, a juxtaxonemal fiber and an undulating membrane. In contrast to other Leptodactylidae spermatozoa, no axial rod were observed in these Physalaemus species

Biopsia hepática: indicaciones, resultados y complicaciones en 349 procedimientos / Liver biopsy: indications, results and complications in 349 procedures

La Biopsia Hepática (BH) es un procedimiento de alto valor diagnóstico con mínimas complicaciones y escasa mortalidad Método. Revisión retrospectiva de 349 BH realizadas en el Hospital de la Universidad de Chile en un período de cinco años (1990-1994). Resultados. El 55 por ciento de las biopsias se realizó en mujeres y el 45 por ciento en hombres con una edad promedio general de 50 años. Las pruebas de coagulación promedio fueron tiempo de protrombina de 74 por ciento y recuento plaquetario de 190000. Las principales indicaciones fueron por daño hepático crónico de origen necroinflamatorio (alcohólico, viral o autoinmune) en un 47 por ciento y tumor hepático en un 22 por ciento. El 93 por ciento de las muestras se obtuvo por vía percutánea y el resto por vía transyular, laparoscópica o quirúrgica. El diagnóstico histológico se obtuvo en el 97,5 por ciento de los casos siendo los más frecuentes cirrosis y hepatitis crónica (35 por ciento), esteatosis hepática (13 por ciento) y la colestasis crónica (13 por ciento). Las complicaciones observadas fueron tres casos de hemoperitoneo, dos casos de hemo-neumotórax y un caso de biliperitoneo por punción vesicular. No hubo mortalidad en esta serie. Conclusiones: En el presente trabajo se confirma el valor diagnóstico y seguridad de la BH.

Manometría endoscópica del esfínter de Oddi / Endoscopic manometry of sphincter of Oddi

Background: Endoscopic manometry is the gold standard for the diagnosis of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Aim: To report the result of the first 30 endoscopic manometries of sphincter of Oddi performed in a Gastroenterology Service. Patients and methods: Thirty manometries were performed in 28 patients aged 30 to 70 years old (14 females). The papilla was cannulated with a perfused catherter, measuring pressure with external transducers. Results: Deep cannulation of the papilla was achieved in 88 por ciento. Procedure-related complications were not observed in these cases. Normal values were registered in 11 cases with a basal sphincter pressure 15.6ñ10.7 mm Hg, contractions with an amplitude of 92.3ñ35.7 mm Hg and 6.0ñ2.4/ min frequency. The clinical suspicion suspicion of hypertonic dyskinesis was confirmed in 5 cases with an elevated basal pressure of 43.69ñ13.3 mm Hg, an increased frequency of contractions ("tachyoddia") in one, and large spastic contractions of high pressure in other case. In 3 of 5 cases with common bile duct stones, a predominance of retrograde propagation of the contractions was observed with normal pressure. Variable manometric results were observed after endoscopic papillotomy observing a scale from the complete absence of motor activity to normal aphincter function. Conclusions: Endoscopic manometry is a reasonably safe method, of great importance in the diagnosis of fuctional disorders of the sphincter of Oddi

Investigación de las cirugías más frecuentes en el Centro de Pediatría y Especialidades de 1984 a 1988

Revisamos 3 mil 84 casos quirúrgicos tratados en la sala de cirugía de un centro privado de Santo Domingo, República Dominicana durante el período de 1984-1988. Los propósitos de esta investigación fueron: 1. Detectar las causas de cirugías más frecuentes en nuestro país, tanto a nivel privado como a nivel de asistencia pública. 2. Ver si nuestros resultados están acordes con los de otros paises. Nuestros resultados de las cirugías fueron los siguientes: Cesárea 23%, herniorrafia 10%, amigdalectomía 8%, apendicectomia 7%, extirpación de pequeños tumores 6%, esterilización femenina 5%, histerectomia 4%, laparotomia 3%, etc. El sexo más frecuente fue el femenino. El tipo de anestesia más frecuente fue la general. No encontramos cambios significativos con relación a años o mes

Análise do uso de antibióticos em enfermaria de pediatria / Analisis of the use of antibiotics in pediatric nursery

Os autores tiveram como objetivo analisar o uso de antibióticos em enfermaria de pediatria. Para tal, estudaram 110 crianças que receberam desde o início antibióticoterapia, e as relacionaram com os diagnósticos de entrada, diagnósticos definitivos, meios subsidiários para corroborar o diagnóstico e estudar quais antibióticos de primeira escolha, segunda escolha, associaçöes e motivos para substituiçöes e suspensäo dos mesmos, levantando a média de dias de uso. Encontraram que a indicaçäo foi inadequada em 21.8% em relaçäo ao diagnóstico inicial; 22.7% ao diagnóstico final; 3.3% em relaçäo às culturas; 21.0% das associaçöes inadequadas pelo diagnóstico inicial; 33.3% das substituiçöes näo foram adequadas; 11.5% de suspensöes de tratamento indevidas e 0.9% sem motivos justificados. O total de prescriçöes antibióticas inadequadas foi de 15.76%. Observaram a baixa de solicitaçöes de culturas e o índice de positividade das mesmas, baixo. A penicilina e amikacina foram os antibióticos mais usados na entrada, e as cefalosporinas, amikacina e cloranfenicol, os mais usados como segunda escolha. Recomendam a análise periódica do uso de antibióticos em todos os serviços e criaçäo de comitês regulamentadores dos mesmos

Toluidine blue binding affinity and Feulgen - DNA absorption spectrum of euchromatin and B- heterochromatin of Drosophila nebulosa

O ciclo reprodutivo de femeas de Astyanax bimaculatus e caracterizado com base na variacao mensal dos valores medios do indice gonado-somatico e das frequencias de ocorrencia dos estadios de maturidade, definidos atraves das caracteristicas macro e microscopicas dos ovarios. Os especimes foram capturados no Rio Ivai (23o 40' Lat.Sul e 52o 07' Long WG) de outubro de 1979 a novembro de 1980. Durante o ciclo reprodutivo os ovarios apresentaram cinco estadios: imaturo, repouso, maturacao, reproducao e esgotado. A maturacao dos ovarios inicia-se em julho e a desova ocorre de novembro a fevereiro. Os dados sugerem que a desova seja do tipo parcelada. A primeira maturacao sexual das femeas ocorre quando atingem 78 mm de comprimento total